Fertility in Women Fertility in women refers to the ability to become pregnant and have a baby. A woman’s monthly menstrual cycle reflects her ability to conceive. Menstrual cycles usually start during puberty, around the age of 13, and begin to taper off at about 45 years old. It is however, possible to still become pregnant before your first period right up until the end of menopause around the age of 50 years old. Women are born with about 400,000 immature eggs stored in the ovaries. When she reaches puberty and enters her reproductive years, her monthly menstrual cycle begins. The cycle begins on the first day of a woman's period and typically lasts about 28 days. The first day begins not when she is spotting, but when she experiences regular flow. By this time, only about 300 of these eggs will mature and be released. During each cycle, the ovary releases one egg (or, less commonly, more than one), which may go on to be fertilized by a man's sperm cell forming the embryo. The development and release of the egg each month depends on an intricate balance of hormones: chemicals that signal the body's organs to do specific jobs. Some of these hormones are produced in the ovaries. Others come from two glands in the brain, the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The hormones she needs for menstruation and to become pregnant are produced by her hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. Because every step in the monthly cycle is controlled by hormones, the correct amounts of these hormones have to be produced at the right times to make it possible for a woman to conceive. Fertility in Men In men, fertility refers to the ability to impregnate a woman. An important part of male fertility involves the creation of normal, mature sperm. Sperm are produced in the testes and travel through the epididymis where they are stored and nourished. From there, they travel through the ejaculatory duct known as the vas deferens and further stored in the seminal vesicles. When sexual arousal and stimulation reaches a climax, it causes contractions in the muscles within the penis, urethra and  prostate This results in semen been propelled through the urethra and out of the tip of penis. If the sperm are healthy and travel through a woman’s cervix and uterus into her fallopian tubes, one sperm may fertilize the egg. Men continue to produce sperm irrespective of their age.

Help for Fertility Tips for enhancing fertility: Eat healthily by adding lots fresh fruit and vegetables as well as protein to your diet Women should watch their weight as being too thin or overweight ( Weight Loss ) minimizes their chances of conceiving Increase your supplement intake by taking folic acid, Vitamin B6 and B12 both before and during pregnancy Exercise regularly to maintain general health and well being Keep a record of your basal body temperature to determine when you are ovulating Work out your most fertile times and have sex regularly around those dates Check your vaginal mucus, if it has a stretchy consistency, then you are at your most fertile Stop smoking naturally – smoking reduces fertility and also affects the baby before and after birth Reduce alcohol as heavy drinking affects sperm quality Men should wear boxer shorts and take cool baths to improve  circulation around their testicles Reduce stress , as it causes hormonal changes in the body

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